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Examining Temporal Awareness Through Interpretable Clustering
DescriptionAccurate mental model of the temporal characteristics of complex task environments, termed here temporal awareness, presumably underlies human performance in interactions with dynamic systems. The problem has three parts: (1) What data may be recorded from both the system humans interact with (system events) and what data (human actions) may be recorded from the human in response to, or in anticipation of, system events; (2) how can human interactions with the system be modeled based on the available data and human performance as an operator of the system measured; and (3) how can the validity of these models and measures as representative of covert mental models and temporal awareness be ascertained? We applied the interpretable optimal clustering tree model to temporal data derived from an experiment using a modified NASA MATB-II task platform to measure participants’ temporal awareness of the dynamics of the four concurrent tasks. The results show that our measures of temporal awareness were correlated with the participants’ task performance. These findings highlight the importance of the temporal cognition in human performance, provide for means for objective performance monitoring in complex, dynamic task environments, and ways to improve operator training and interface development.