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Are other animals tools? An affordance based perspective of human assessments of canine breed cognitive capabilities and personality characteristics
DescriptionMorphological shapes differ between dog breeds and people can directly perceive these differences. Morphological shape constrains the action capabilities of dogs or their affordances. People may be attuned to detect dogs’ affordances. A dog’s shape conveys information about the dog’s action capabilities for the dog’s interactions with people, other animals, and the dog’s environment. The trait labels given by people may be partially explained as their verbalization of these detected affordances. For example, a dog rated high in intelligence may simply reflect one that affords training for many tasks or “easy to train.” This affordance perspective may help explain other judgments or ratings made by people of dog breeds. People’s cognitive and personality characteristic ratings may be influenced by dog morphology directly. This perspective may generalize to other non-human agents, for example other animals and perhaps even non-living artificial agents.