Close

Presentation

Virtual Reality Training for Pediatric Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Insertion: Evaluation of Validity, Usability, and Workload Using Handheld Controllers versus Haptic Gloves
DescriptionPlacement of PIVCs is one of the most frequently performed invasive procedures in healthcare. Pediatric PIVC placement is challenging due to small, fragile veins and difficulty holding still, which can lead to multiple attempts. Treatment delays, heightened anxiety, and discomfort are effects of failed PIVC attempts and contribute to delayed treatment. Repeated venipuncture has also been linked to needle phobia and healthcare avoidance in the long term. Yet training frequently relies on classroom instruction and static manikins that underrepresent pediatric variability and real-world constraints, which may contribute to persistently high failure rates and gaps in clinician confidence. Virtual reality (VR) offers an immersive, standardized, repeatable environment for procedural simulation, but interaction modality may meaningfully shape realism, usability, and workload. This study evaluates the validity (face and content), usability, and perceived workload of a VR pediatric PIVC training module through structured review by pediatric PIVC subject matter experts (SMEs) and tests whether outcomes differ by interaction modality (handheld controllers vs. VR haptic gloves).