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What Is the System Doing Now? Designing a Spatially Differentiated, State-Explicit HMI for Clear ADAS Boundaries
DescriptionModern driver assistance systems can support both speed control and steering, but drivers may not always understand who is controlling what, or where the system’s limits are. This can make it difficult to interpret when assistance is active, unavailable, paused, overridden, or disengaged.

This work presents a new HMI design approach for Level 2 and Level 2+ vehicles that aims to make assisted-driving behavior easier to understand. Building on findings from an earlier on-road study of driver confusion around assisted-driving modes, the work also draws from benchmarking of current production HMIs and principles from Ecological Interface Design and the Skills-Rules-Knowledge framework. Benchmarking highlighted gaps in how existing interfaces communicate control responsibility, system availability, and the difference between longitudinal and lateral assistance.

The paper introduces concept interfaces for the instrument cluster and steering controls. These concepts visually distinguish longitudinal functions, such as Adaptive Cruise Control and Stop & Go, from lateral functions, such as Lane Keeping and Steering Assist. They also use visual hierarchy, color, spatial grouping, and state-based feedback to communicate system states, control transitions, and limitations more clearly.

The work contributes design directions for making future assisted-driving interfaces more transparent, intuitive, and trustworthy.