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User-centered Summative Evaluation of a Novel Bartholin Cysts Training Simulator with Advanced Practice Providers
DescriptionSimulation training in healthcare is used to provide repeatable practice on tasks prior to patient care to improve clinical competency and patient outcomes (McGaghie et al., 2014). For procedural skills in particular, effective learning depends on deliberate practice, or repeated opportunities to refine psychomotor control, such as depth, force, and positioning, in a way that closely reflects real task demands (Ericsson, 2008). From a human factors perspective, this requires simulations with close functional task alignment, such that the perceptual cues, motor actions, and performance constraints of the simulation map onto the clinical procedure (Hamstra et al., 2014). Bartholin duct cyst management is a common outpatient procedure, yet many advanced practice providers (APP) receive limited hands-on training and must rely on improvised, low-fidelity models that inadequately represent these functional demands. The resulting mismatch between training tools and task requirements can hinder skill development, confidence, and safe performance. To address these gaps, we took a user-centered design approach to develop a low-cost, repeatable task trainer for Bartholin cyst management and to conduct a summative evaluation of the simulator’s training relevance with APPs.