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Usability Evaluation and Time Motion Analysis to Identify Bottlenecks in a Mechanical Chest Compression Device
DescriptionMechanical chest compression devices are increasingly used to ensure consistent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality in emergency settings; however, usability-related risks during rapid deployment remain insufficiently explored. This study conducted a formative usability evaluation of the ACM10 (MEDIANA, South Korea) by integrating task-based testing with time–motion analysis to identify workflow bottlenecks and use-related risks. Five emergency medical technicians (EMTs) performed 27 predefined tasks across four use scenarios: instructions for use, device preparation and belt attachment, CPR operation, and device power-off. The overall task success rate was 99.26%, with a single use error observed during shoulder strap connection. Time–motion analysis identified belt positioning and tightening as the most time-consuming steps (mean: 22 s each), indicating that device preparation is a critical bottleneck. In contrast, compression mode activation required only 2 s, reflecting an efficient operational interface. Usability ratings were highest for CPR operation (convenience: 4.80 ± 0.45; safety: 4.77 ± 0.46), while device preparation showed relatively lower convenience scores (4.02 ± 0.85). These findings suggest that while the device supports efficient CPR delivery, the attachment process requires optimization to reduce delays. Integrating time–motion analysis with usability evaluation is effective for identifying human factors–related risks in emergency medical devices.